268. Missing Number (Easy) (https://leetcode.com/problems/missing-number/)

Given an array nums containing n distinct numbers in the range [0, n], return the only number in the range that is missing from the array.

Constraints: n == nums.length 1 <= n <= 10^4 0 <= nums[i] <= n All the numbers of nums are unique.

Follow up: Could you implement a solution using only O(1) extra space complexity and O(n) runtime complexity?

function missingNumber(nums: number[]): number {
  const n = nums.length;
  const expectedSum = (n * (n + 1)) / 2;
  const actualSum = nums.reduce((acc, num) => acc + num, 0);
  return expectedSum - actualSum;
}
 
// Local check:
console.log(missingNumber([3, 0, 1]));
console.log(missingNumber([0, 1]));
console.log(missingNumber([9, 6, 4, 2, 3, 5, 7, 0, 1]));
Example 1:
    Input: nums = [3,0,1]
    Output: 2
    Explanation: n = 3 since there are 3 numbers, so all numbers are in the range [0,3].
    2 is the missing number in the range since it does not appear in nums.
 
  Example 2:
    Input: nums = [0,1]
    Output: 2
    Explanation: n = 2 since there are 2 numbers, so all numbers are in the range [0,2].
    2 is the missing number in the range since it does not appear in nums.
 
  Example 3:
    Input: nums = [9,6,4,2,3,5,7,0,1]
    Output: 8
    Explanation: n = 9 since there are 9 numbers, so all numbers are in the range [0,9].
    8 is the missing number in the range since it does not appear in nums.

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